Introduced by Kodak in 1923, 16 mm film was created as a smaller and more affordable alternative to professional 35 mm cinema film. It became extremely popular for educational and industrial films, documentaries, television production and amateur filmmaking, and remained in professional use for many decades.
Standard 8 mm film, also known as Regular 8 or Double 8, was introduced by Kodak in 1932 as an inexpensive format for home movies. The film was actually supplied as 16 mm stock and passed through the camera twice, exposing one half at a time, before being split lengthwise into two 8 mm strips during processing.
The Magi Cartridge contains a short length of 8 mm film arranged as a continuous loop inside a protective cartridge. Such loop-film systems allowed short movies, demonstrations or educational sequences to be replayed repeatedly without rewinding, providing a simple form of on-demand moving pictures long before digital video.
Kodak introduced Super 8 in 1965 as an improved and much easier-to-use successor to Standard 8 mm film. Smaller perforations provided a larger image area, while the convenient light-proof cartridge eliminated the complicated film loading required by earlier home-movie cameras; later versions could also carry a magnetic soundtrack.
Ozaphan was an unusual transparent film material made from regenerated cellulose rather than conventional photographic film stock. Used particularly in Germany for inexpensive 16 mm films, copies could be produced by a diazo process, making Ozaphan suitable for affordable educational, advertising and home-cinema releases.
Kodak Verichrome Pan was a general-purpose black-and-white panchromatic photographic film known for its fine grain and wide exposure latitude. This VP 126 version contains 12 exposures in Kodak's convenient 126 cartridge, a format introduced in 1963 and closely associated with the enormously popular Instamatic cameras.
A diapositive, or photographic slide, is a positive transparent image intended to be viewed by transmitted light or projected onto a screen. Individual frames were commonly mounted as slides, while diafilm or filmstrips placed a sequence of images on one continuous strip and were widely used for education, presentations and entertainment.
Traditional analogue photography normally creates a negative image on light-sensitive film, with brightness and colours reversed from the original scene. The negative can then be enlarged onto photographic paper to produce a positive print, allowing multiple photographs to be made from the same original exposure.